Repeater in Computer Networking

In computer networking, a repeater is a device used to regenerate and amplify signals (not data) in order to extend the range of a network. It receives a signal, cleans it of unnecessary noise, and retransmits it at a higher power level so it can cover longer distances without degradation.

Note: Repeaters are only used at the physical layer

Key Points about Repeaters

• Purpose: Extend the physical length of a network by boosting weak signals.
• Use Case: Commonly used in Ethernet networks and wireless networks to cover larger areas.
• Limitation: Only works at the physical level and does not interpret any of the data being sent.

How a Repeater Works

• Signal Reception: It receives a fading or weak electrical signal from one network.
• Signal Regeneration: It cleans the signal, removing noise and distortion (it doesn’t analyze the content—just the raw bits).
• Signal Amplification: It boosts the signal strength back to its original level or better. Example: A weak electrical “high” at 1.8V is boosted to 3.3V.
• Signal Transmission: The stronger, cleaner signal is retransmitted to the next part of the network.